ارزیابی چالش ها و فرصت های ایجاد شهر خلاق در مناطق آزاد تجاری (مطالعه موردی: منطقه آزاد تجاری ارس)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
احمد پوراحمد
1
(استاد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
اکبر حمیدی
2
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
ابراهیم فرهادی
3
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
مهدی حسین پور
4
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: خلاقیت, مدل SWOT, شهر خلاق, منطقه آزاد تجاری ارس,
چکیده مقاله :
به کارگیری راهبردهای های شهرهای خلاق یکی از راهکارهای پیش روی بسیاری از شهرهای امروزی است. شهرهایی که با مشکلاتی در ابعاد اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و زیست محیطی مواجه اند، می توانند با اولویت قرار دادن عناصر خلاق در عرصه های مختلف، چنین مسائلی را تعدیل دهند. هدف تحقیق ارزیابی فرصت ها و چالش های ایجاد شهر خلاق در منطقه ی آزاد تجاری ارس می باشد.روش تحقیق توصیفی تحلیلی و نوع تحقیق بنیادی است. در این نوشتار از روش های مختلفی چون؛ پرسشنامه،مشاهده میدانی و مصاحبه برای گردآوری داده ها استفاده شده است.تکنیک سوات نیز برای تجزیه و تحلیل و ارائه راهبرد به کار گرفته شده است. بررسی و تحلیل جنبه های گوناگون منطقه، بیانگر این نکته است که منطقه ی آزاد تجاری ارس دارای نقاط قوّت و فرصت های بیشتری نسبت به نقاط ضعف و تهدیدها است. نتایج حاصل از تحقیق نشان می دهد که در بین نقاط قوت، قرار گیری در کریدورهای بین المللی حمل و نقل (6 کریدور) با امتیاز وزنی 32/0، در بین نقاط ضعف، کم توجهی به حوزه های فرهنگی و اجتماعی با امتیاز وزنی 21/0، از بین فرصت ها، داشتن موقعیت استراتژیک با امتیاز وزنی 28/0 و از بین تهدیدهای منطقه، تبلیغات، آژانس ها، دفاتر اجرایی و بازاریابی محدود با امتیاز وزنی 28/0 مهم ترین موارد هستند. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که این منطقه با وجود داشتن قابلیت ها و زیرساخت های اساسی و هم چنین برخورداری از راهبرد تهاجمی، هنوز با شرایط مهم و ضروری یک شهر خلاق فاصله ی زیادی دارد.
Implementing creative cities strategies is one of the practical solutions for todays, cities. Cities, which have societal, economical, cultural and environmental issues, are able to moderate these issues through prioritizing creative elements. The purpose of this research is evaluation of challenges and opportunities in developing a creative city in "ARAS FREE TRAD – INDUSTRIAL ZONE The collection of requirements data has been done with literature review (documental) and field work survey. The research involves collecting date through different approaches including: questionnaire, field observation and interview. SWOT technique has been also used to analyze and give guideline. Examining and analyzing different aspects of region, demonstrates that it has more strength points and opportunities. The results of this study indicate followings: standing in international transportation (six corridor) with weight of 0.32, neglecting cultural and societal with weight of 0.21 are respectively, among strength and weakness points. Possessing a strategic geographical location with weight of 0.28 and advertisement, agencies, administrative offices and limited marketing with weight of 0.28 are. Respectively, the most important opportunities and threats to the region. With augmentation of strengths and opportunities points, transition from current trend to innovative development in Aras Free Zone accelerate and will close to the criterions of world creative cities. The results show that region despite having capabilities and basic infrastructure as well as having an aggressive strategy, still have more distance with important and necessary situations from a creative city.
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Banks, M. (2013). Creative Cities, Counter – Finance and the Aesthetics of Exchange: Copenhage's Artmoney Project,Journal of Cities, 33, 36-42.
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Jakob, D. (2010). Constructing the creative neighborhood: Hopes and limitations of creative city policies in Berlin, City, Culture and Society, 193–198.
Keyghobad, M., Fakhraie, M., Alavi, S., & Zavari, S. (1387). Understanding the cultural industry. First Edition. Tehran, industry and technology think tank.(In Persian)
Landry, Ch. (2000). The creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators. London. Comedia / Earthean.
Landry, Ch. (2014). Helsinki Creative City Index. Harnessing the Collective Imagination, Kaupungin tietokeskus: Helsinki.
Mommas, H. (2004). Cultural Cluster and the post-industrial city: Towards the remapping of urban cultural policy. Urban Studies, 41, 507-532.
Pourahmad, A., Hosseini, Ali., Arooji, H., & Hossein Alizadeh, M. (2013). Sensing priority development strategies of cultural tourism in the region of Alamut, Human Geography Research, 45 (3), 1-17. (In Persian)
Rafieian, M. (2010). Introduction to creative regions and cities. Journal municipalities, 11 (100), 12-15.(In Persian)
Romein, A., & Jacob, T. (2009). Key Elements of Creative City Development: An Assessment of Local Policies in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies, Jaffalaan 9. Delft: the Netherlands, 1-19.
Sasaki, M. (2010). Urban regeneration through cultural creativity and social inclusion: Rethinking creative city theory through a Japanese case study. Journal of Cities, 27, 3-9.
Sefertzi. E. (2000). Creativity Report Produced for the EC funded project called INNOKEGIO: dissemination of innationad and knowledge management techniques. Stockholm School of Economics in Riga.
Shia, E., & Kabir, F. (2009). Sustainable tourism in natural parks outskirts of cities Strategic Analysis sowt. utopia. 2 (3), 1-9.
Vanolo, A. (2008). The image of the creative city: Some reflections on urban branding in Turin. Cities, 25, 370-382.(In Persian)
Vanolo, A. (2008). The image of the creative city: Some reflections on urban branding in Turin. Journal of Cities, 25, 370-382.
Vanolo, A. (2015). The Image of the Creative City, eight years later: Turin, urban branding and the economic crisis taboo. Journal of Cities, 46, 1-7.
Vivant, E. (2013). Creatives in the city: Urban contradictions of the creative city. Society, 4, 57-63.
Winden.W., Denberg, L., & Pol, P. (2007). European cities in knowledge Economy: Towards a typology. Urban Studies, 44 (3), 529.
Yigitcanlar, T., Baum, S., & Horton, S. (2007). Attracting and retaining knowledge workers in knowledge cities. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11 (5), 6-17.
Zaki, Y., Vlyqly Zadeh, A., & Zarei, B. (1394). Space analysis, dependency and continuity spaces free trade zone - Industrial Aras. Journal of geography and urban planning - regional. 15 (17), 51-70.(In Persian)
_||_A Creative City Task Force. (CCTF) .(2008). A Creative City Task Force Report London(CANADA).
Baeker, G., & Murry, G. (2008). Creative City: Planning Framework. a Supporting Document to the Agenda for Prosperity: Prospectus for a Great City, Toronto.
Banks, M. (2013). Creative Cities, Counter – Finance and the Aesthetics of Exchange: Copenhage's Artmoney Project,Journal of Cities, 33, 36-42.
Center for the Study and Research of Urban Development and Architecture. (2009). Preparing plans to develop a free trade area - Industrial Aras, recognizing the economic, social and physical Aras Free Zone. The free trade zone - Industrial Aras. Vol 2 & 5. (In Persian)
Costa, P., Magalhael, M., Vasconcelos, B., & Gustavo Sugahara. (2007). A Discussion on the governance of creative cities: some insight for policy action, Norwergian, Journal of Geography, 1, 61.
Cotter, L. (2008). Urban Community Development Inspired by Culture: The Potential of Creative Cities, Conference of Urban Community Development Inspired by Culture: The Potential of Creative Cities, July 29- August 7. 2008. Published by the Japan Foundation, 3.
Fadayi, D. (2015). Koohsangi Mashhad neighborhood restoration, emphasizing the principles of creative city. Seventh National Conference of planning and urban management. Mashhad, 20-1. (In persian)
Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class and How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life, New York: Basic Books.
Florida, Richard. (2005). cities and creatives class, Routladge, UAS.
Gorbani, R., Hosseinabadi, S. & Torany, A. (2013). Creative city, the cultural approach to urban development. Journal of Geographical Studies of Arid Zones, third year 11, 1-18.(In Persian)
Gossling, T., & Rutt, R. (2007). Innovation in regions. European Planning Studies. 15 (2), February.
Haj Hossein, H., Ashtary, H., & Mhdnzhad, H. (2014). City Theory creative role in the dynamics of economic, cultural and urban life. Journal of Science, 5 (7), 15-38.(In Persian)
Hartley, J., Potts, J., & Macdonal, T. (2012). Creative City Index, The ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation. Prepared for the (BJSS) and (BJAST). Cultural Science Journal, 5 (1).
Hosseinpour, A., whimsical,Omid Akbari Motlagh, M., and Najafi, M. (2013). Creative city: a stable economy. Vol 2. Tehran: Tahan. (In Persian)
Hunger, J. D., & Thomas L., violin. (2002). Foundations of Strategic Management. Translation Seyed Mohammad Arabi and David Divine, printing. Tehran: Cultural Research Bureau. (In Persian)
Jakob, D. (2010). Constructing the creative neighborhood: Hopes and limitations of creative city policies in Berlin, City, Culture and Society, 193–198.
Keyghobad, M., Fakhraie, M., Alavi, S., & Zavari, S. (1387). Understanding the cultural industry. First Edition. Tehran, industry and technology think tank.(In Persian)
Landry, Ch. (2000). The creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators. London. Comedia / Earthean.
Landry, Ch. (2014). Helsinki Creative City Index. Harnessing the Collective Imagination, Kaupungin tietokeskus: Helsinki.
Mommas, H. (2004). Cultural Cluster and the post-industrial city: Towards the remapping of urban cultural policy. Urban Studies, 41, 507-532.
Pourahmad, A., Hosseini, Ali., Arooji, H., & Hossein Alizadeh, M. (2013). Sensing priority development strategies of cultural tourism in the region of Alamut, Human Geography Research, 45 (3), 1-17. (In Persian)
Rafieian, M. (2010). Introduction to creative regions and cities. Journal municipalities, 11 (100), 12-15.(In Persian)
Romein, A., & Jacob, T. (2009). Key Elements of Creative City Development: An Assessment of Local Policies in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies, Jaffalaan 9. Delft: the Netherlands, 1-19.
Sasaki, M. (2010). Urban regeneration through cultural creativity and social inclusion: Rethinking creative city theory through a Japanese case study. Journal of Cities, 27, 3-9.
Sefertzi. E. (2000). Creativity Report Produced for the EC funded project called INNOKEGIO: dissemination of innationad and knowledge management techniques. Stockholm School of Economics in Riga.
Shia, E., & Kabir, F. (2009). Sustainable tourism in natural parks outskirts of cities Strategic Analysis sowt. utopia. 2 (3), 1-9.
Vanolo, A. (2008). The image of the creative city: Some reflections on urban branding in Turin. Cities, 25, 370-382.(In Persian)
Vanolo, A. (2008). The image of the creative city: Some reflections on urban branding in Turin. Journal of Cities, 25, 370-382.
Vanolo, A. (2015). The Image of the Creative City, eight years later: Turin, urban branding and the economic crisis taboo. Journal of Cities, 46, 1-7.
Vivant, E. (2013). Creatives in the city: Urban contradictions of the creative city. Society, 4, 57-63.
Winden.W., Denberg, L., & Pol, P. (2007). European cities in knowledge Economy: Towards a typology. Urban Studies, 44 (3), 529.
Yigitcanlar, T., Baum, S., & Horton, S. (2007). Attracting and retaining knowledge workers in knowledge cities. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11 (5), 6-17.
Zaki, Y., Vlyqly Zadeh, A., & Zarei, B. (1394). Space analysis, dependency and continuity spaces free trade zone - Industrial Aras. Journal of geography and urban planning - regional. 15 (17), 51-70.(In Persian)